Array:

An array is a special variable, which can hold more than one value If you have a list of items (a list of car names, for example), storing the cars in single variables could look like this:

let car1 = "Saab";
let car2 = "Volvo";
let car3 = "BMW";

However, what if you want to loop through the cars and find a specific one? And what if you had not 3 cars, but 300?

The solution is an array!

An array can hold many values under a single name, and you can access the values by referring to an index numbers.

//Array in js
let arr = ['rak', 'anis', 'raj', 'sami', 'adil', 'anam'];
console.log(arr);

//Array can be defined like this too!---it's by using Javascript keyword new.

const cars = new Array("Saab", "Volvo", "BMW");

Array Methods:

Arrays provide a lot of methods. To make things easier, in this chapter they are split into groups. In JavaScript, Array is a built-in global object that allows you to store multiple elements at once.

Array methods are functions built-in to JavaScript that we can apply to our arrays — Each method has a unique function that performs a change or calculation to our array and saves us from writing common functions from scratch.

Add/remove items

These are used to add or delete the array item.

• arr.push(...items) – adds items to the end,

• arr.pop() – extracts an item from the end,

• arr.shift() – extracts an item from the beginning,

• arr.unshift(...items) – adds items to the beginning.

Push and Pop Method:

JavaScript Array pop(): Removes and returns the last array element

JavaScript Array push() :Adds elements to end of array & returns its length

//Array in js
let arr = ['rak', 'anis', 'raj', 'sami', 'adil', 'anam'];

//printing the whole array
console.log(arr);
//push array---it add the value in array at last
arr.push('anas' , 'rahat');
console.log(arr);

// //pop array ----it deletes the last value of array

arr.pop();
console.log(arr);

Output:

//output of printing array.
[ 'rak', 'anis', 'raj', 'sami', 'adil', 'anam' ]
//push array---it add the value in array at last
[
  'rak',  'anis',
  'raj',  'sami',
  'adil', 'anam',
  'anas', 'rahat'
]
 //pop array ----it deletes the last value of array

[
  'rak',  'anis',
  'raj',  'sami',
  'adil', 'anam',
  'anas'
]

Shift and Unshift Method:

JavaScript Array shift() : Removes and returns the first array element

JavaScript Array unshift(): Adds elements to start of array and returns length

//shift in array  it delete the first element in array

let Arraynew=['amir','shobi','8', 'sumit', 'simmi', 'jimmy'];
Arraynew.shift();
 console.log(Arraynew);

 //unshift in array ----add new element at the starting of array

 Arraynew.unshift("rakii");
 console.log(Arraynew);

Output:

//shift
[ 'shobi', '8', 'sumit', 'simmi', 'jimmy' ]
//unshift
[ 'rakii', 'shobi', '8', 'sumit', 'simmi', 'jimmy' ]

length, reverse() & sort() Methods:

JavaScript Array length : Returns the number of elements in an array

JavaScript Array reverse() : Returns the array in reverse order

JavaScript Array sort() : Sorts the elements of an array in specific order

//Array in js
let arr = ['rak', 'anis', 'raj', 'sami', 'adil', 'anam'];

//printing the whole array
console.log(arr);

//string at index 2
console.log(arr[2]);

//lenght of array

console.log(arr.length);

//reverse array

console.log(arr.reverse());

// sort array
console.log(arr.sort());

Output:

//printing the whole array
[ 'rak', 'anis', 'raj', 'sami', 'adil', 'anam' ]
//string at index 2
raj
//lenght of array
6
//reverse array
[ 'anam', 'adil', 'sami', 'raj', 'anis', 'rak' ]
// sort array
[ 'adil', 'anam', 'anis', 'raj', 'rak', 'sami' ]

Slice & Splice Methods:

JavaScript Array slice(): Returns a shallow copy of a portion of an array

JavaScript Array splice(): Returns an array by changing its elements in place

//Array in js
let arr = ['rak', 'anis', 'raj', 'sami', 'adil', 'anam'];

//slice in array  _(start, end)-end index will not shown in output

let newarr= arr.slice(2,4); 
console.log(newarr);

//splice  __(start, no of index)  ---start index and  no--how many elements will get delted

let newarr1= arr.splice(3,4); 
console.log(newarr1);
console.log(arr);

// start with index1 --change the value of index 1 with 18.

let newarr2= arr.splice(1,1, 18); 

console.log(arr);

Output:

//Array in js
[ 'rak', 'anis', 'raj', 'sami', 'adil', 'anam' ]
//slice in array  _(start, end)-end index will not shown in output

[ 'raj', 'sami' ]
//splice  __(start, no of index)  ---start index and  no--how many elements will get delted
[ 'sami', 'adil', 'anam' ]
['rak', 'anis', 'raj' ]  
// start with index1 --change the value of index 1 with 18.
[ 'rak', 18, 'raj' ]

fill(), join() & concat() Methods:

JavaScript Array fill(): Returns array by filling elements with given value

Javascript Array join() : Concatenates the array elements to a string

JavaScript Array concat(): Returns array by merging given value and/or arrays

//Other methods would  be applied in new array;

 let arraynew=['amir','shobi','ankit', 'sumit', 'simmi', 'jimmy'];
console.log(arraynew);


//fill in array --value, start index, end index but..end index will be exlusive

arraynew.fill("mahi", 2 , 3);
console.log(arraynew);

//array concat  it's add the two or more array in one

arr1new= ['1','2','3','4'];
arr2new=['5','6', '7','8'];
arr3new= arr1new.concat(arr2new);
console.log(arr3new);

//array join-this join the elments of array with the given value

arr4new= arr3new.join(" ")
console.log(arr4new);

Output:

[ 'amir', 'shobi', 'ankit', 'sumit', 'simmi', 'jimmy' ]

//fill in array --value, start index, end index but..end index will be exlusive
[ 'amir', 'shobi', 'mahi', 'sumit', 'simmi', 'jimmy' ]

//array concat  it's add the two or more array in one
[
  '1', '2', '3',
  '4', '5', '6',
  '7', '8'
]
//array join-this join the elments of array with the given value

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

toString() , Array of() & isArray() Methods:

Javascript Array toString(): Returns the string representation of an array

Javascript Array isArray(): Checks if the given value is a JavaScript Array

JavaScript Array of() Method :Creates a new Array instance from given arguments

Javascript Array.from() : The from() method creates a new array from any array-like or iterable object.

// toString in array

stringarray = ['mahi',8,'rani',10];
stringarray1= stringarray.toString();
console.log(stringarray);
console.log(stringarray1);

//isArray of array
let numarray=[ 1,8,7,8,6,4]

console.log(Array.isArray(numarray));

//Arrayof Method in array
// creating an array named alphabets with elements A,B,C
let alphabets = Array.of("A", "B", "C");

// display contents of alphabet'
console.log(alphabets);

//Array.from() in array

let newArray = Array.from("abc"); // creating a new array from string

console.log(newArray);

Output:

//array original
[ 'mahi', 8, 'rani', 10 ]
// toString in array
mahi,8,rani,10
//isArray of array
true
//Array.of in array
[ 'A', 'B', 'C' ]

//Array.from in array

 [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ] // Output:

indexOf() & lastIndexOf Methods:

JavaScript Array indexOf() : Returns the first index of occurrence of element

JavaScript Array lastIndexOf() : Returns the last index of occurrence of an element

 let Arraynew=['amir','shobi','8', 'rakii', 'simmi', 'jimmy'];
 console.log(Arraynew); 
//indexOf array--specify the value of first-index of elements

 let index= Arraynew.indexOf('shobi');
 console.log(index);

 //lastindexOf of array---give the index of last same elements

 let index1= Arraynew.lastIndexOf("rakii");
 console.log(index1);

Output:

//array list
[ 'amir', 'shobi', '8', 'rakii', 'simmi', 'jimmy' ]
//indexOf array--specify the value of first-index of elements
1
//lastindexOf of array---give the index of last same elements
3

findIndex() & find() Methods:

JavaScript Array findIndex(): Returns index of element that satisfies condition

JavaScript Array find() : Returns first element that satisfies a condition

let Arraynew=['amir','shobi','8', 'sumit', 'simmi', 'jimmy'];

 console.log(Arraynew);

//findIndex of array---return the index of first array elemts

function isEven(elements){


    return elements%2==0;

}

findindex= Arraynew.findIndex(isEven);

console.log(findindex);


//find of array----find the element which satisfy the condition

let numarray=[ 1,8,7,8,6,4]


function isEven1(elements){
return elements%2==0;

}

let findarr= numarray.find(isEven1);
console.log('first even no in array' , findarr);

Output:

[ 'amir', 'shobi', '8', 'sumit', 'simmi', 'jimmy' ]
//findIndex of array---return the index of first array element that satisfies the condition
2
//find of array----find the element which satisfy the condition
first even no in array 8

includes(), map() , keys() & values() Method:

JavaScript Array includes() : Checks if a value exists in an array

JavaScript Array map() : Returns array by mapping elements using given function

JavaScript Array keys(): Returns an iterator containing keys of array items

JavaScript Array values(): The values() method returns a new Array Iterator object that contains the values for each index in the array.

let numarray=[ 1,8,7,8,6,4]
console.log(numarray);
//includes in array-----this checks that this method is include or not.


if(numarray.includes(7)){

    console.log('yes');

}
else{
    console.log('no');
}


//keys in array

let numarr1= numarray.keys();


for (let key of numarr1){
    console.log(key);
}

//values in array

let languages = ["JavaScript", "Java", "C++"];


let iteratorObject = languages.values();
// looping through iterator
for (let value of iteratorObject) {
  console.log(value);
}


//map in array
let numarray1=[ 1,64,9,16,25,4]

console.log(numarray1.map(Math.sqrt));

Output:

//output of array
[ 1, 8, 7, 8, 6, 4 ]

//includes in array-----this checks that this method is include or not.
yes

//keys in array
0
1
2
3
4
5
//values in array
JavaScript
 Java
 C++

//map in array
[ 1, 8, 3, 4, 5, 2 ]

for-of ,forEach(), every &some() Method:

Javascript Array for-of loop() :This is a loop of Array , which makes the work easy.

Javascript Array forEach() : Executes the given function on array elements

Javascript Array some(): Tests if any element passes given test function

Javascript Array every() :The JavaScript Array every() method checks if all the array elements pass the given test function.

//for of in array...

let names= ['mahi' , 'tayyaba', 'falak', 'raki'];
let uppercase= [];

for (const value of names){
    uppercase.push(value.toUpperCase());

}
    console.log(uppercase);

//for each

function square(num){
    console.log(num * num) ;
}
let numarray1=[ 1,64,9,16,25,4]
console.log(numarray1.forEach(square));

//The some() method tests whether any of the array elements pass the given test function.

function isodd(num1){
    return num1 % 2==1;
}

console.log(numarray1.some(isodd));

//every in array
function checkAdult(age) {
    return age >= 18;
}

const ageArray = [34, 23, 20, 26, 12];
let check = ageArray.every(checkAdult); // false

if (!check) {
    console.log("All members must be at least 18 years of age.")
}

// using arrow function
let check1 = ageArray.every(age => age >= 18); // false
console.log(check1);

Output:

//for of in array...
[ 'MAHI', 'TAYYABA', 'FALAK', 'RAKI' ]
//for each
1        
4096     
81       
256      
625      
16       


//The some() method tests whether any of the array elements pass the given test function.
true   

//every output
All members must be at least 18 years of age.
false

Array filter(),entries() &constructor Method:

Javascript Array filter():Returns array by filtering elements on given test

Javascript Array entries() :Returns iterator containing key/value pair array

Javascript Array constructor :Returns the constructor function for the array

//filter method in array
let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
// function to check even numbers
function checkEven(number) {
  if (number % 2 == 0)
    return true;
  else
    return false;
}

// create a new array by filter even numbers from the numbers array
let evenNumbers = numbers.filter(checkEven);
console.log(evenNumbers);


//entries method in array

let newaarray= ["raki", "sani", "rashi"]; //array 
let iterator= newaarray.entries(); //entries in array
for (let entry of iterator){ //iterating for each item
  console.log(entry);
}

//Constructor in array

let array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

let constructor = array.constructor;

console.log(constructor)

Output:

//filter method output
[ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ]

//entry method output
[ 0, 'raki' ]
[ 1, 'sani' ]
[ 2, 'rashi' ]

//constructor method output
[Function: Array]

copyWithin(),toLocaleString() Method:

Javascript Array copyWithin() : Copies and overwrites elements within the array

Javascript Array toLocaleString() :The toLocaleString() method returns a string representing the elements of the array in a particular locale.

JavaScript Array flat():Flattens the nested array to given depth

//copyWithin Method in Array
let newaarray= ["raki", "sani", "rashi", "mahir"]; //array 

newaarray.copyWithin(1,3); //copy index 1 with the index 3
 console.log(newaarray)

 //tolocaleString

 let arr=["naitik", 5];
 let newa= arr.toLocaleString();
 console.log(newa);

 // 3 nested arrays 
let numbers = [1, 2, [3, 4, [5, 6, [7, 8, [9,56]]]]];

// reducing nesting by flattening the array to depth 2 
let flattenArray = numbers.flat(2);

// new flatten array
console.log(flattenArray);

Output:

//output of copyWithin methid
[ 'raki', 'mahir', 'rashi', 'mahir' ]
//output of toLocaleString method
naitik,5

//output of flat method
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, [ 7, 8, [ 9, 56 ] ] ]

Array flatMap(), reduceRight() & reduce() Method:

JavaScript Array flatMap():Returns new array by mapping and flattening array

Javascript Array reduceRight() :Reduces array to single value from right to left

Javascript Array reduce():Reduces array to single value from left to right

//flatmap method

// defining an array
let numbers1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

// each element of the array is squared and later flattened
const resultingArray = numbers1.flatMap((x) => [x ** 2]);

console.log(resultingArray);



//reduce method

let array1= ["Rakhshanda ", "is ", "a ", "student "];

function reducer(accumulator, currentValue){
   return accumulator+currentValue;
}

let result= array1.reduce(reducer);
console.log(result);

//Rightreduce method

let array2= ["me ", "see ", "can ", "you "];

function Rightreduce(accumulator, currentValue){

  return accumulator+currentValue;

}

let opp= array2.reduceRight(Rightreduce);
console.log(opp);

Output:

// output of flatmap method
[ 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 ]
// output of reduce method
Rakhshanda is a student 
// output of reduceRight method
you can see me

Thankyou for reading this blog

Reference of this Blog Content:

• https://www.programiz.com/javascript/library/array

• https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_array_methods.asp

• https://javascript.info/array-methods